What term describes fertilization outside the body?

• A. Embryo Transfer
• B. In-Vitro Fertilisation
• C. Artificial Insemination
• D. Cloning

Answer: (B)

Fertilization outside the body is described by the term in vitro fertilisation. In vitro means “in glass,” so the fusion of egg and sperm happens in a lab dish rather than in the uterus. In IVF, eggs are collected from the ovaries and combined with sperm in a culture medium, allowing fertilization to occur there. The resulting embryos are then transferred to the uterus to attempt a pregnancy. This is different from embryo transfer, which is simply moving an already fertilized embryo into the uterus. Artificial insemination involves placing semen into the female reproductive tract to achieve fertilization inside the body, not in a lab dish. Cloning is producing a genetically identical copy of an organism, not fertilization.