The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment is called

• A. Biosphere
• B. Ecology
• C. Biotic factors
• D. Adaptations

Answer: (B)

Ecology is the branch of biology that studies how living organisms interact with each other and with their environment. It covers relationships among organisms—such as predation, competition, and symbiosis—and how they respond to non-living factors like climate, temperature, water, and nutrients, shaping how ecosystems function and energy and nutrients move through them. This field helps explain how populations grow or decline, how communities are structured, and how organisms adapt to their surroundings through interactions with both other living things and their physical world. The biosphere refers to the global sum of all ecosystems, not the study itself; biotic factors are the living parts of the environment; adaptations are traits that help organisms cope with their environment but do not describe the study of those interactions. So the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment is ecology.