Living factors are known as

• A. Climatic factors
• B. Biosphere
• C. Adaptations
• D. Biotic factors

Answer: (D)

Living factors are the biotic factors in an ecosystem—the living parts that influence other organisms. They include plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and the interactions among them, such as predation, competition for resources, decomposition, and symbiotic relationships. These living components help determine where species can live and how abundant they are because organisms rely on others for food, habitat, reproduction, and mutual benefits. By contrast, non-living elements like temperature, rainfall, soil nutrients, and light are abiotic factors, while the biosphere is the global system of all life, not a single factor. Adaptations are traits evolved by organisms to cope with their environment, not the factors themselves.