Gametes receive only one allele for each gene due to:

• A. Law of Independent Assortment
• B. Law of Segregation
• C. Random fertilization
• D. Gene conversion

Answer: (B)

During the formation of gametes, the two versions of each gene (the two alleles) separate from each other so that each gamete ends up with just one allele for that gene. This happens in meiosis when the paired chromosomes are pulled apart, so the resulting reproductive cells are haploid and carry only a single allele per gene. When fertilization occurs, a sperm and an egg fuse to restore two alleles for each gene in the zygote.

This mechanism is known as Mendel's Law of Segregation. It explains why a gamete cannot contain two different alleles for the same gene and why offspring inherit one allele from each parent.

The other concepts don’t explain this single-allele per gene outcome: the Law of Independent Assortment describes how different genes segregate independently, random fertilization adds variety but doesn’t cause each gamete to carry only one allele, and gene conversion is a special molecular process that can change alleles but isn’t the general reason gametes are haploid.